Total physical response method and Audio-lingual method.

 Total Physical Response (TPR)

Total Physical Response is a method of teaching language or vocabulary concepts by using physical movement to react to verbal input. The process mimics the way that infants learn their first language, and it reduces student inhibitions and lowers stress. The purpose of  TPR is to create a brain think between speech and action to boost language and vocabulary learning. 

How to use. 

1. Prepare

Select the vocabulary that you are going to teach. Gather any equipment, props or pictures you will need to illustrate the meaning of the words.

2. Teacher Modeling

Say the new vocabulary word for the students. As you do this, use gestures, facial expressions, props or body movement to illustrate the meaning of the word. 

3. Student Modeling

Have student volunteers mimic the same gestures, facial expressions, use of props or body movement modeled as you say the word.

4. Student participation

Have all students mimic the same gestures, facial expressions, use of props or body movement modeled by the teacher and student volunteers. 

5. Repetition and practice

Teach the next word or phrase using the same method. Review and practice words with students multiple times to ensure learning. 

When to use.

Total Physical Response may be used to teach many types of vocabulary but works best when teaching vocabulary connected with action. It is an effective strategy to use with English Language Learners as well as with native speakers when learning new words.

The Audio-Lingual Method (ALM)

The Audio-Lingual Method is a method of foreign language teachinh which emphasizes the teaching of listening and speaking before reading and writing. It uses dialogues as the main form of language presentation and drills as the main training techniques. The Audio-Lingual Method advised that students be taught a language directly, without using the students native language to explain new words or grammar in the target language. 

Characteristics

Dialogs

Learning through imitation

Learning through repetition

Ways to use the Audio-Lingual Method in classes.

1. Focus on Practical Pronounciation

The Audio-Lingual approach treated language sound as essential building blocks to fluency.

All spoken languages are prounounced. 

No matter how ,any sounds the language you teach employs, you first need to understand what they are, how they are produced and how they work together to create words. 

2. Do structural Drilling Exercises.

Repetition leads to progress. And in the audio lingual method, this manifested itself as sentence structure drilling.

To make this a practice drill, you'd start by making a sentence yourself. Then, give the students a word to replace the subject with. Keep going until you're done with the drill. 

Teacher: I'd like a cup a coffe. Tea.

Students: I'd like a cup of tea.

Teacher: I'd like a cup of tea. Milk.

Students: I'd like a cup of milk.

3. Use Dialogue Practice.

Dialogue is the natural next step in language production.

Everiday dialogues are probably the most familiar leftovers of the original Audio-Lingual Method. 

Most language textbook include material and exercises.